Report 4

Author

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Data Sources

The rating data are from the Psychological Science Accelerator project: To Which World Regions Does the Valence-Dominance Model of Social Perception Apply? (Jones et al. 2021).

The face stimuli are from Ma, Correll, and Wittenbrink (2015). While the original image set refers to “target self-identified race (A = asian; B = black; L = latinx; W = white)”, we will rename this variable to “ethnicity” and refer to it as such throughout the report.

The 120 faces were rated on a 1-9 scale for 13 different characteristics: “aggressive”, “attractive”, “caring”, “confident”, “dominant”, “emostable”, “intelligent”, “mean”, “responsible”, “sociable”, “trustworthy”, “unhappy”, and “weird”. Data are presented for average ratings in each of 11 world regions.

Trustworthiness

Table 1 shows mean trustworthiness ratings by world region, while Table 2 breaks this down by face gender.

Table 1: Mean trustworthiness ratings by region
Region Trust
Africa 5.31
Asia 5.17
Australia & New Zealand 5.01
Central America & Mexico 5.47
Eastern Europe 4.84
Middle East 4.89
Scandinavia 5.17
South America 5.12
UK 5.20
USA & Canada 5.20
Western Europe 5.24
Table 2: Mean trustworthiness ratings by gender and region
Region Male Mean Male SD Female Mean Female SD
Africa 5.10 0.54 5.53 0.53
Asia 5.06 0.48 5.27 0.42
Australia & New Zealand 4.77 0.49 5.26 0.51
Central America & Mexico 5.34 0.54 5.59 0.57
Eastern Europe 4.61 0.55 5.07 0.68
Middle East 4.81 0.57 4.96 0.60
Scandinavia 4.99 0.63 5.35 0.60
South America 4.90 0.48 5.33 0.44
UK 4.90 0.67 5.50 0.73
USA & Canada 5.01 0.54 5.38 0.49
Western Europe 5.04 0.59 5.44 0.57

Factors

Factor analysis revealed two factors, labelled “valence” and “dominance”. The four characteristics that correlated best with valence were trustworthy, emotionally stable, responsible, and sociable. The four characteristics that correlated best with dominance were dominant, aggressive, mean, and confident.

Figure 1 shows the distribution of mean ratings for the valence- and dominance-related characteristics in the four European regions.

Figure 1: The distribution of ratings for valence and dominance related characteristics in the European regions

Original Insight

Include the same plot (Figure 2) from assessment 3, fixing any problems with that were identified in the feedback.

Figure 2: Add an appropriate caption

Simulation and Analysis

I simulated a new dataset for the United Kingdom from the descriptive values in Table 2, creating a new dataset of average trustworthiness ratings for a simulated sample of 60 new male faces and 60 new female faces.

I then used a two-tailed t-test with a critical alpha of 0.05 to test for a gender difference in trustworthiness ratings in this new simulated dataset.

In UK, there was a significant gender difference in trustworthiness ratings (t(117.61) = -3.03, p= 0.003, 95% CI = [-0.63, -0.13]).

Iteration and Power

Table 3: The mean and SD of average trustworthiness ratings for male and female faces, plus the power to detect the same size difference with the same sample size and a critical alpha of 0.05/11.
region mean_Male sd_Male mean_Female sd_Female power
Africa 5.10 0.54 5.53 0.53 0.88
Asia 5.06 0.48 5.27 0.42 0.36
Australia & New Zealand 4.77 0.49 5.26 0.51 0.99
Central America & Mexico 5.34 0.54 5.59 0.57 0.42
Eastern Europe 4.61 0.55 5.07 0.68 0.91
Middle East 4.81 0.57 4.96 0.60 0.06
Scandinavia 4.99 0.63 5.35 0.60 0.66
South America 4.90 0.48 5.33 0.44 1.00
UK 4.90 0.67 5.50 0.73 0.96
USA & Canada 5.01 0.54 5.38 0.49 0.84
Western Europe 5.04 0.59 5.44 0.57 0.84

Reflections

Reproducibility

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Sources of Learning

Please explain the sources of learning you used in this assessment, including the book, help sessions, peers, online sources, and generative AI. (up to 300 words)

References

Jones, Benedict C, Lisa M DeBruine, Jessica K Flake, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Jan Antfolk, Nwadiogo C Arinze, Izuchukwu LG Ndukaihe, et al. 2021. “To Which World Regions Does the Valence–Dominance Model of Social Perception Apply?” Nature Human Behaviour 5 (1): 159–69.
Ma, Debbie S, Joshua Correll, and Bernd Wittenbrink. 2015. “The Chicago Face Database: A Free Stimulus Set of Faces and Norming Data.” Behavior Research Methods 47: 1122–35.